Tissue+Culture+1-2

= McDuffington Labs, Inc. = = = __//** Who We Are **//__

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McD McDuffington Labs were founded in December of 2004 by biologist and now chief executive officer, Duffy McDuffington. We are an independent and locally funded laboratory that aims to further inform and educate the community about the benefits and advancements made through tissue culture. Here at McDuffington Labs we take the upmost care in making sure that we are precise and scrupulous in all of the studies that we do, making us from the freezer to the floor tile, the top ranked research facility in the United States for the third straight year. ======

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**//__ Duffy __//**
Duffy McDuffington, born June 8th, 1969, is the current President and CEO of McDuffintgton Labs. Graduating from Harvard university with a Masters’ degree in Business and a Minor in Biology in 1991, Duffy brings a whole new work ethic to the table. Not only does he understand how to run a successful company, but he also understands exactly what the company does. He strives for success and further advancement into the technology behind Tissue Culturing

__//** History of the science **//__

In 1885 a man named Wilhelm Roux established the basic principal of tissue culture by maintaining a piece of a chicken embryo cell in a saline solution for a few days.In 1907 a zoologist named Ross Granville Harrison showed the growth of a nerve cell of a frog.In 1913 three people named Edna Steinhart, R.A Lambert, and C. Israeli grew a virus in pieces of pig corneal tissue.

__//** Explanation of the Technology **//__

Tissue culture is when you grow animal or plant cells in a satellite environment. Specifically in plant tissue culturing, the plants that are to be cloned are sterilized in chemical solutions such as alcohol or bleach. The living material, or tissue samples used for the culture are called explants. You then place the explants on a culture material or medium made up of the hormones of the plant and its nitrogen source (either nitrate or amino acids), called agor. What the culture medium is made up of directly effects what the resulting plant will look like. Dependingon certain composition arrangements, the plant might have a lot of roots, or it might have a lot stems, etc. As the plant grows, pieces like leaves or stems are often cut off, in order to altar how the plant grows. The pieces also are used to make new culture medium. When the shoots (stems) grow from the culture medium, they can be cut off, and added to potting soil, and a chemical called auxin can be added, and that shoot will grow into a normal plant, genetically the same to the explant. Doing this can produce millions of clones of the explant fromone tissue sample.

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 One way that people use tissue culture is to produce many plants that are being depleted by diseases and pests. In Kenya for example, there were a lot of pests and diseases infecting their bananas so what the Kenyans did was used tissue culture to decrease the maturing rate. This made it so that instead of maturing at 2-3 years they mature in 12-16 months. This also meant that there would be mo re bananas to harvest after each year. =====

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Tissue culturing has always been used for farming, and another way people use tissue culture is to cross breed. In Africa there was a species of rice that was going extinct because of farmers switching to Asian rice. Cross breading the rice could let the leafs hold up to 400 grains, 25% to 250% in crease in production, matures 30 to 50 days earlier than other rice’s and they can have 2% more body building proteins than their African or Asian parents. =====

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Tissue culture can also be used in human medicine. In the past 60 years, the amount that we have learned and gotten from cell tissue culturing is enormous. Cell tissue technology has been on the rise since the 1950's when it was first used in the polio vaccine, and ever since, the technology used here everyday at McDuffington labs is used to do things such as run tests on the effects of certain chemicals on things such as cancerous cells, which may help us one day in the fight against cancer. =====

//__** Our Future and You **__//

In the near future, we hope to use this technology in a way to keep the earth and its people moving. With the technology we have and the newer technology we hope to obtain, we believe that we can replenish our world with everything we need from plants to cells and by helping to rid the world of disease. Few understand how crucial tissue culturing is. We hope to spread the word and the benefits of tissue culturing.

=__//References//__:= "Cell Bottles" Available:http://www.omegascientific.com/catalog/index.php?main_page=product_info&cPath=4&products_id=21

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 Chaudry, Arshad. //Cell Culture.// Squ.ubc.ca. 2010. Web. December 22, 2010. [] =====

"Plant Cell Culturing" Available: http://arcticboy.arcticboy.com/view.php?q=Picture%20Of%20Cell%20Culture&url=http://staff.vbi.vt.edu/pathport/pathinfo_images/Dengue/Mosquito_cell_culture_IFA.jpg//

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//"Plant Tissue Culture." //Access Excellence @ the National Health Museum//. Web. 22 Dec. 2010.[] //=====

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** “Pocket K No. 14: Tissue Culture Technology.” International service for the acquisition of agri-biotech applications. Dec 22 210. **http://www.isaaa.org/resources/publications/pocketk/14/default.asp =====

// "What Is Plant Tissue Culture." //The University of Liverpool//. Web. 22 Dec. 2010. .
Copyright 2010: Jeff Twitty, Michael Struzzi, Thomas Winegar, Maddie Whitmarsh, Andrew Thorne