Gel+Electrophoresis+3-4


 * __ Gel Electrophoresis People Studying Molecule Separation __**** (G.E.P.S.M.S) **
 * ====G.E.P.S.M.S. is a company that is set up to divide all their time to studying the separation of molecules such as Proteins, DNA, and RNA fragments. We have currently been study molecule separation for 20 years strong and continue to expand our boundaries everyday due to our amazing staff and outstanding technological equipment. We hope to continue our research for long as we can. ====
 * ====My name is Frederick Smith and I am currently the CEO of G.E.P.S.M.S. and have been in this position for 15 years now. I turned this small time urban company into a huge multi-billion world wide metropolis. Gel Electrophoresis has been a passion of mine since I did a biology lab in 10th grade. That alone sparked my interest for gel electrophoresis and since then I have dedicated all of my time and money to studying this wonderful technology and improving it. I hope to continue as CEO in this company for as long as I possibly can. ====

__** History of the technology **__

 * ====The technique of Electrophoresis goes all the way back to 1937- this was when Arne Tiselius, who was working at Uppsala created the very first electronic apparatus====


 * ====in the early years the technology of electrophoresis cost a large amount of money (about as much as a cyclotron)====


 * ====﻿Even by the 1950's it cost $4,000 less, but it was still a huge amount of money for most scientists to spend====


 * ====Many new methods were being created in order to try and make Electrophoresis less expensive and to improve the speed of it but it none were successful until Oliver Smithies====

Smithies improved Electrophoresis by using cooked potato starch as a matrix creating Starch Gel Electrophoresis

 * ====Smithies' method caused Electrophoresis to be cheaper, easier and more efficient than other methods and helped Electrophoresis become used in labs====


 * ====Oliver Smithies earned the nobel prize in 2007 for his work on developing different ways of gene targeting====

· Gel Electrophoresis has been used to convict criminals in the past by using DNA forensics
==== · This technology has been used to identify victims of Sept 11th, the DNA Shoah project (database of people who lost family members in the holocaust), disappeared children in Argentina and for theTombs of unknown people  ==== ====Gel Electrophoresis is easy and pretty inexpensive technology. It is possible for Electrophoresis to either be one or two dimensional. The most common usage is one dimensional electrophoresis which is used for the division of proteins and nucleic acid. The two dimensional protein divison is used for the purpose of finger printing. It is possible for all the proteins to become fixed inside a cell as long as it is very precise. Electrophoresis can either have the support medium for gel electrophoresis layered into flat sheets or it can be shaped into a gel inside of a tube.====
 * __** Science behind your company’s technology **__

==== Gel Electrophoresis is used to separate DNA fragments by their sizes and charges. It makes it possible to identify the differences and similarities between different plants and animals. Although there are some different types of Gel Electrophoresis such as Capillary and Agarose, this is how the general technology works: ====

· the particles in the Gel Electrophoresis are charged to be either positive (cations) or negative (anions)- examples of these are Amino Acids, Peptides, Proteins, Nucleotides, and Nucleic acids
==== · How far the macromolecules travel across the gel is decided by: the strength of the field, the size and shape of the molecules, how water repellent the samples are, the ionic strength and the temperature of the storage container where the molecules are  ====

[[image:AMG1.12.gif width="352" height="329"]]
> ====** - ** Gel electrophoresis is a technique used for the separation of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), ribonucleic acid (RNA), or protein molecules by using an electric field and a gel matrix. DNA Gel electrophoresis is usually used in order for investigations. It is most likely used after DNA is put into a PCR. I can also be used as an introductory method before the use of different techniques such as mass spectrometry, RFLP, PCR, cloning, or DNA sequencing.==== > ====- Crime scene investigation==== > ====- Paternity Testing==== > ====- Ancestry analysis==== > ====- Identification of mass casualties==== > ====- Solve “cold cases"====
 * ====**__ Current Uses of Gel Electrophoresis __**====
 * Find "gene variants" in people that show they are more likely to develope a genetic disease
 * Match organ donors with recipients in transplant programs
 * ====Determine pedigree for seed or livestock breeds====
 * ====Authenticate consumables such as caviar and wine====
 * ====Match organ donors with recipients in transplant programs====
 * ====Determine pedigree for seed or livestock breeds====
 * ====Authenticate consumables such as caviar and wine====
 * ====Match organ donors with recipients in transplant programs. Determine pedigree for seed or livestock breeds. Authenticate consumables such as caviar and wine====

=__**Future Uses of Gel Electrophoresis Technology**__=

Future uses of Gel Electrophoresis include continuing the work we have been successfully accomplished. We also hope to predict future diseases in people and solve even more crimes than we already have. Our research is solely for the benefit of the people. By continuing our research hopefully it will be possible for us to save more lives by detecting diseases such as cancer early enough in people to get rid of their diseases faster. We will expand our company and then we will most likely make it possible for even more people to be able to use this technology for solving crimes or discovering if they have any disease, even if it is not life threatening.

__** References: **__

“Chapter 4: Electrophoresis- Introduction.” Homepages.gac.edu. 23 Dec. 2010. <[]>.

====“Gel Electrophoresis.” molecularenergy.com. 22 Dec. 2010. <[]>. ====

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“Gel Electrophoresis Can be Used to Find Genes Associated with Disease.” Biotechnology.com. 23 Dec. 2010. <[]>.

[|"Gel Electrophoresis Diagram." - http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.biochem.arizona.edu/classes/bioc471/pages/Lecture2/AMG1.12.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.biochem.arizona.edu/classes/bioc471/pages/Lecture2/Lecture2.html&usg=__DWhKuk2v84Hxns0PXnt0Ka-suhw=&h=443&w=460&sz=26&hl=en&start=17&zoom=1&tbnid=vKMA_HXcRu6ObM:&tbnh=143&tbnw=149&]



"Gel Electrophoresis Virtual Lab." //learngenetics.edu.// 22 Dec 2010. <[]>.
====Lloyd, Emma. “The Invention of Gel Electrophoresis.” Brighthub.com. 22 Dec. 2010. <[]>. ====

====“Oliver Smithies Interview, October 27, 2005.” Oral History of Human Genetics.edu. 23 Dec. 2010. <[]>. ====