Somatic+Cell+Nuclear+Transfer+1-2

DOLLY CORPORATION

// Founded in 1990 //



 * Introduction **


 * Dolly Corporations has been doing cutting edge research on somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) for 20 years. At Dolly Corp, located at Jennings University in Niskayuna, NY, we have an exceptional team of five scientists devoted to the research of SCNT. Somatic cell nuclear transfer, more broadly known as cloning, is the process of taking the DNA formula of a skin cell and inserting it into a surrogate mother who then produces the exact replica of the original skin cell donor. With somatic cell nuclear transfer the possibilities are endless. Dolly Corp focuses on three aspects of cloning: resurrecting extinct animals, saving endangered animals and advancing research on incurable diseases.**


 * A Note From The CEO **


 * Hello I am Sannah Hive and I am the CEO of //Dolly Crop//. I became interested in Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer when I was just getting out of the Cornell science program. I was then aware of Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer and dedicated the rest of my life to the study of it. In order to assist me in my research I brought in a friend from college, Amie Babaloo. She is an expert in cell studies and has been participating in it since her freshman year of college. The third member of our team is a girl that my aunt introduced me to when I was the beginning my research. My aunt is a professor at Harvard and her student Selen Herafini has been very involved in cell studies since she was only in 10th grade. Another HUGE part of this corporation was also a member of Harvard, his name was Mucas Laloney. He Studied Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer when he was in the 7th grade and ever since was intrigued by how fascinating it was. The last member of our group is a very smart man by the name of Ryan Dodaloo, he majored in Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer at the college of Bablabaloo in Massachusetts. I am very grateful for the wonderful team I have and look forward to making new and amazing discoveries with them.**

=
The first cloning of a non- mammal was accomplished in 1952. However, cloning mammals were determined much more difficult than cloning non- mammals. Cloning has yet to be accomplished by humans. Scientist have determined how to do it but it’s not accurate enough. Cloning has been accomplished by many animals and scientists are working very hard on improving it and making it more accurate for the future. ======

=
======

=
The Science behind Somatic cell nuclear transfer has requires many steps till completion. The first step is to find the chosen donor for your needs, such as strength, gender, meat or fur. Any animal or plant is possible to clone, though few have been cloned so far. Second you must take a somatic cell from the donor this could be any cell in the body except the sex cells for they do not have the exact chromosomes as the donor(Sex Cells have only 23 chromosomes), this will must likely be a skin or muscle cell. Third you must get an unfertilized egg from a second donor and remove its nucleus by needle and then transfer the nucleus from the somatic cell into the sex cell by combining the two through an electric pulse. Then the cell is placed in a Petri dish, there a few tweaks are made to have the cell function as one and coaxed into developing as fertilized egg. The cell then begins to divide rapidly into a ball of cells called an embryo, this takes around a week to happen and then the embryo is implanted into the surrogate mother and carried till birth. Once the mother gives birth to the baby it will be an exact clone as the first donor as it was at the time of birth. ======

=
Many clones exist today but the amount of different species is very limited. Many different animals have been more resistant to somatic cell nuclear transfer than others making it difficult. Cloning animals can be good for many reasons. One reason that scientists are working on today would be to clone animal models of disease. This means that instead of genetically engineering the animal to have a certain type of disease, scientists can clone an animal that is already diseased. This would reduce the amount of time spent on making a transgenic animal model and spend more time on doing actual research on the disease. This also eliminates undesired experimental variables associated with genetic engineering. ======

=
One major project the team is working on currently is resurrecting extinct animals such as the Wooly Mammoth, the Saber-toothed tiger, the Irish elk or the giant sloth. Though it seems impossible scientists have been able to create a machine that de-codes an animals’ genetic code. This has been helpful for learning about the past and to further help us with this investigation. To get these genetic codes something is needed to provide these genetics. Dolly Corporation has discovered that hair off of a mammal seals in the genetic code very well and is easier to decode than many other materials on a mammal. The problem is the hair alone is not enough DNA to clone the animal, more materials are needed to get the entire genetic code and to fully clone or resurrect an extinct animal. ======

=
While focusing on the past, Dolly Corporation is also worried about the future and the growing rate of endangered species. Scientists have been working to try and increase the populations of endangered animals by putting their DNA into the eggs of their non-endangered relatives. These animals have been saved in what is known as a “Frozen Zoo”. This means that animal skin cells are taken and frozen in special ice and are kept in a room with all of the other frozen skin cells of all different kinds of animals and if these animals do end up going extinct, ======

=
For the future of the somatic cell nuclear transfer, we hope to do so much more with this amazing scientific discovery. Scientists hope to be able to recreate something and fix the specific stem cells that create diseases. That will help predict the disease and it will cure one. Somatic cell nuclear transfer is also going to help someday publish the data for cattle, sheep, pigs, and mice. Another plan to do in the hopefully near future is use SCNT on humans and you can clone them just like scientists have done to many other mammals. Right now and in the future, scientists would like to bring back the extinct animals. Also the animals that are on the verge of being extinct could be cloned and they could start to multiply so we do not have those animals that we have now gone. This cloning could do so much for our world. Some people say that this is wrong and that you should not go against nature and do this. There is so much that scientists have discovered, and so much more that they will soon discover. ======

=
Epigenetics research “somatic cell nuclear transfer: past, present and future perspectives” __epidna.com__ 21 December 2010 <[|www.epidna.com/showabstract.php?pmid+17610946]>. ======

=
Sydney IVF “somatic cell nuclear transfer” __sydneyivf.com__. 20 December 2010 <[|www.sydneyivf.com/Aboutus/ourreasearch/somaticcellnucleartransferCNT/tabid/412/default.aspx]>. ======